PROPERTIES OF MSCs FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE We also present several outstanding risks associated with their use, including their fibrogenic, tumor cell growth promotion and oncogenic potentials. In this review, we summarize (1) the properties of MSCs for regenerative medicine, (2) the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, and (3) the clinical application of MSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. MSCs also secrete trophic factors, including growth factors and cytokines, which promote the regeneration of impaired tissues, including the liver. In addition, MSCs have immune-modulatory properties and are able to migrate to damaged tissues. Of these stem cell types, MSCs have several advantages, such as easy acquisition, strong proliferative capacities and ex vivo expansion. Moreover, stem cells, including embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. have reported the presence of Y chromosome-positive hepatocytes in autopsied women who had received therapeutic bone marrow transplantations from male donors, suggesting the existence of pluripotent stem cells among their bone marrow cells. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been suggested as an effective alternative therapy for hepatic diseases. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is the result of an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation mediated by portal fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, and activated HSCs. Stimuli such as viral hepatitis, alcohol, drugs, metabolic diseases, and autoimmune attack by hepatic cells trigger hepatocyte apoptosis, the impairment of the endothelial barrier, the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
We also present several outstanding risks, including their fibrogenic potential and their capacity to promote pre-existing tumor cell growth and oncogenicity.Īlthough the liver has a considerable inherent regenerative capacity, sustained and chronic injury results in the onset of liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes the properties of MSCs for regenerative medicine and their therapeutic mechanisms and clinical application in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Despite these advantages, issues remain MSCs also have fibrogenic potential and the capacity to promote tumor cell growth and oncogenicity. In addition, MSCs can suppress inflammatory responses, reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, increase hepatocyte regeneration, regress liver fibrosis and enhance liver functionality. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, and therapeutic value exists in their immune-modulatory properties and secretion of trophic factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been suggested as an effective alternate approach for the treatment of hepatic diseases. Stem cell therapy may, in the future, be used as a bridge to either liver transplantation or endogenous liver regeneration, but efficient differentiation and production protocols must be developed and safety must be demonstrated before it can be applied to clinical practice.īioartificial liver cell therapy cell transplant gene correction induced pluripotent stem cells liver disease regenerative medicine stem cell.Currently, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis is liver transplantation however, transplantation is limited by a shortage of donor organs, surgical complications, immunological rejection, and high medical costs. Research in this field is still very active. Cell-based therapeutics may involve gene therapy, cell transplantation, bioartificial liver devices, or bioengineered organs. Different cell lines have been used experimentally to support liver function and treat inherited metabolic disorders, acute liver failure, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and small-for-size liver transplantations. Stem cells can be harvested from a number of sources, or can be generated from somatic cells to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We performed an exhaustive review of the literature, with a focus on the latest studies involving the use of stem cells for the treatment of liver disease. Stem cells hold promise as an alternative to the use of primary hepatocytes. Cell therapy is an emerging form of treatment for several liver diseases, but is limited by the availability of donor livers.
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